When to sow

Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before the last expected frost for your area, or sow directly outdoors after the danger of frost has passed. In warm climates they may be started earlier and act as short-lived perennials; in cool climates they are typically grown as annuals.

Sowing method

1. Use a fine, well-draining seed mix in trays or small pots and moisten before sowing.
2. Sow seeds thinly; cover lightly (up to ~¼") or simply press into the surface—many sources recommend a very shallow cover. Keep surface moist but not waterlogged. :
3. Maintain soil temps around 60–75°F (16–24°C). Germination usually appears within 7–20 days depending on variety and temperature. :
4. Once seedlings have true leaves, pot up into deeper containers to protect the tap root, and harden off for 7–10 days before planting out.

Direct sowing

Sow outdoors in full sun into very well-drained soil after frost risk is past. Space plants 8–18" apart depending on variety (compact vs. spreading types). Thin seedlings to the strongest individuals.

• Bright, long bloom season: Produces large, daisy-like flowers in vivid colors from spring through fall in favorable climates.
• Drought tolerance: Excellent for low-water and heat-prone gardens; perfect for xeriscaping, coastal sites, and poor soils.
• Low maintenance: Minimal fertility needs and few pest problems when given sun and good drainage. :
• Versatile uses: Works as groundcover, edging, containers, rock gardens, and mass plantings for high-impact color
• Wildlife friendly: Attracts pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
• Cost-effective from seed: Easy to start from seed and can self-sow in favorable locations, giving repeated displays for little investment.

• If seeds don't germinate: Check temperature (aim for ~18–24°C) and keep medium evenly moist; some batches can be slow (up to 3 weeks).
• If plants look soggy or rot: Improve drainage, reduce frequency of watering, and move to a sunnier spot. Overly wet soils cause most problems.
• Want continuous color? Deadhead spent blooms and thin crowded plants to improve airflow and vigor.